Download (it’s GPL [kiss my ass .com])

Currently the project is only for developers to play with, so that means if you have no idea how to download source packages, run build tools, and have root access to install software Utu is not for you yet.

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This doesn’t mean you have to contribute code to play with Utu. It just means that I’m looking for experts to play with it and try it out at this point.

Installing iHate for OSX

BIG NEWS : Michael Basnight worked on the first real Utu client called iHate written for Mac OSX using RubyCocoa to set it up.

In order to play with Utu, you just have to follow these simple instructions:

  1. Download iHate from the downloads section
  2. Open the .dmg and copy the iHate application to your Applications directory.
  3. Double click it like any other application to run it.
  4. It’ll join the “help” room and you’re done.
  5. Use a slash (/) to join any other room. Like /testing to join the testing room.

And have fun. We’re all in there, and this is super rough so try to break it and give us feedback.

Screenshot of iHate

Here’s the first screenshot of me screwing up the screenshot:

iHate screenshot

Installing From Source

You’ll need to install some gear before you start:

You can use your system’s default packaging system to install Ruby and cmake, but you need to build LTC (LibTomCrypt) and LTM (LibTomMath) from source in order to get the build right.

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I tell people to install LTC (LibTomCrypt) and LTM (LibTomMath) from source directly. This is usually because the current packaging systems don’t build LTC correctly and instead fail to indicate what math lib it uses. You can try out TFM (TomsFastMath) on your machine if you like, but it’s not necessary and usually has build problems on some architectures (like OSX anything).

Building LibTom(Crypt|Math)

First build LTM from source and install it:

$ wget http://libtom.org/files/ltm-0.41.tar.bz2 
$ tar -xjvf ltm-0.41.tar.bz2
$ cd libtommath-0.41
$ make
$ sudo make install

Next, you have to build LTC and tell it to use LTM specifically:

$ wget http://libtom.org/files/crypt-1.17.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjvf crypt-1.17.tar.bz2
$ cd libtomcrypt-1.17
$ CFLAGS="-DLTM_DESC" sudo make NODOCS=1 install

The NODOCS=1 will prevent the make from building all the docs. The LTC documentation is excellent so I recommend it, but this involves installing all of tetex and latex just to get the docs.

It is very important that you NOT install both TFM and LTM. I’ll say it one more time just to make sure you get it through your tiny little brain. I’ll do it Yoda style: Both install TFM LTM NOT you will.

Building The Mendicant

These instructions assume you’re just interested in building the client software (called the utumendicant). The Utu Hub (server) builds on most Unix platforms, but has issues on OSX because of their dumbass linker. Talk to Apple about properly linking against functions in static libraries (or whatever the hell they’re calling them these days). The utumendicant and the Ruby client library work on nearly any platform that has select and can build LTC and LTM.

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To get the source for Utu to build the client you just do this:

$ wget releases/utu-current.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf utu-current.tar.gz
$ cd utu-VERSION  # note: VERSION will be something like 0.1
$ cmake .
$ make
$ sudo make install

Assuming everything was done right it should all build. Shoot me if you have problems.

When all is done you should be able to do this:

$ utumendicant
usage: utumendicant socket

Which means it installed correctly. Now you need to try doing your first connect.

WTF Is A Mendicant?

The Utu “mendicant” is a play on the word “supplicant” used by some other security systems. Out of fear that this common English word is trademarked I decided to call the Utu version of the same idea a mendicant and then use a totally different architecture so that it’s not violating any patents.

The results of your build process above makes a program called utumendicant. This program handles all the bullshit of the cryptography, connection handshake, identity management, and hate calculations so that your program doesn’t have to deal with it. The idea is that, rather than have you bind to a C library and potentially get the cryptography all wrong, you simply fire up the mendicant and interact with it as a sort of slave proxy.

How the mendicant works is you create a Unix Domain socket (soon to add named pipes as well) in server mode using your favorite language. Then, you start the utumendicant program with the name of the socket it should connect on. Once you receive the connect from the mendicant you can stop accepting on the socket and start sending your messages.

In order to make this process secure you have to make sure the domain socket is read-write only by you (usually via the umask function call). After that you just send a simple config with your keys and what server to connect with and then send your messages.

The included Ruby library is the first demonstration of using the Utu mendicant without any C code involved. It’s not Ruby specific and you could probably read the source in about an hour to understand it. Feel free to write alternative libraries that use the mendicant to connect in the same way.

Mendicant and GPL Licensing

In order to protect the Utu project from people who would try to take the source and game it, it was necessary to GPL the whole project. The GPL has much better enforcement and legal standing than other licenses, so I plan to use it in the case where a predatory entity has figured out how to attack Utu algorithmically. If they do then they either have to do it completely from scratch or they must release their changes under the GPL.

It’s also the standard that when you’re dealing with cryptography that you need as many people reviewing the source as possible. Keeping the source open gives everyone better assurance that the crypto was done right (hopefully it was). They can also submit fixes if they find possible attacks.

However, if the software is GPL licensed then people will be restricted from using it in their software either commercially or otherwise licensed. With the mendicant you can license your software however you want, since you’re connecting to the network through a separate proxy process. As long as you don’t alter the source to the mendicant you should be good. Make a single change and it must be released.

Connecting With Ruby

For your first connect, just hit the Utu hub and try to hang out or talk with people:

$ cd src/lang/ruby/utuclient
$  ruby -Ilib examples/simple_chat.rb myutu.name 10000 zed
What room do you want? help

Now you’re chatting in the help room and you can then hit CTRL-D to say goodbye. You can also try the Tk client sample:

$ ruby -Ilib examples/tk_client.rb myutu.name 10000 zed help

And hitting ESC will exit the Tk client.

These two programs are super hack examples of simple scripts that just let you chat. Take a look at the source and see if you can do better.

One word of warning, the RailsMachine network will kill idle connections and currently the Hub does not use a ping keep-alive yet. If you get disconnected just deal with it for now.

Building The Hub

The Utu source also includes the current Hub server that you can setup to create your own Utu service. The only caveat is that it uses a second library of convenience functions I use called Myriad to make developing fast little servers easier. This Myriad library uses the ucontext function calls to create a coroutine system called libtask written by Russ Cox.

The libtask coroutines work on most systems, and Russ spent the extra effort to implement ucontext on systems that didn’t have it, but it doesn’t build everywhere.

If you can’t build Myriad then you can’t run the Hub on your system. Them’s the breaks.

First you need to build Myriad by grabbing the source via darcs:

$ darcs get repos/myriad/
$ cd myriad
$ cmake .
$ make
$ make install

Once you have Myriad built then you need to reset the Utu build and rebuild that:

$ cd utu-VERSION   # remember VERSION is like 0.1
$ rm CMakeCache.txt
$ cmake .
$ make
$ sudo make install

This time it should should install both the utumendicant program and the utuserver program.

Running The Hub

You can now startup the Utu Hub on your localhost (127.0.0.1) and try connecting to it:

$ utuserver -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10000 -n utu -m -k

This will start the server and create a file utuserver.key which you can use later when you start the server:

$  utuserver -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10000 -n utu -k

You can also rename the file to be anything else and pass that as an option to -k if you need. This is necessary when you put the server key in a location like /etc.

Hub As A Daemon

The Hub is designed to only be able to run as a daemonized server in a chroot environment. What this means is when you run it as you did previously it just assumes you’re testing it and prints messages to the screen. When you want to run it as a real server that is in the background you then need a directory that utuserver can chroot into.

A chroot jail is a technique that forces the server to have it’s root in a different location, such as /var/run/utu. To the server, this location is the / root filesystem. The idea is that if the server is compromised then an attacker has a tougher time of “breaking out” of this jail to get at the rest of the system.

To start the server as a daemon do this:

$ sudo cp utuserver.key /etc/utuserver.key
$ sudo mkdir /var/local/utu
$ sudo utuserver -a 0.0.0.0 -p 10000 -n utu -d /var/run/utu -u 99 -g 99 -k /etc/utuserver.key -l /var/log/utu.log

If you don’t have /var/local then pick another location that’s root only. You should take a look in /etc/passwd to make sure that 99 is the UID and GID of the nobody user/group.

After this the server should be running on all interfaces and you can connect to it remotely. It will also be running as nobody, and will be chroot into the /var/run/utu directory. It also won’t have the /etc/utuserver.key file open anymore since that’s read before the chroot.

Full Hub Options

The full list of options for the Hub are:

  • -a addr : The address to bind on.
  • -p port : Port to open.
  • -n name : The server’s name (every peer has a name).
  • -d chroot : Directory to chroot into.
  • -k [keyfile] : Server key file to use (created with -m first)
  • -m : Make a key file, just give -k without an option.
  • -u uid -g gid : UID and GID to drop privileges after chroot.
  • -l server.log : The server’s log file.

If you put in any invalid option combinations then the utuserver will complain appropriately.

Contributing

The Utu project is completely open source GPL software. Anyone interested in contributing can, and it’s fairly easy.

Read the project page to get information on how you can contribute. While I don’t give people direct access to the darcs repository for security reasons, I accept all patches from people using darcs send.